Free Essays on Sonnets

he has expounded on them. â€Å"So long as men can inhale or eyes can see,/So long carries on with this, and offers life to thee.† In Sonnet 97, Shakespeare likewise utilizes one of the four seasons as an illustration. Rather than being a sonnet of profound respect, Sonnet 97 is a sonnet about the division from this individual he cherishes. In this sonnet, Shakespeare utilizes winter to depict the agony of being endlessly from his sweetheart. â€Å"How like a winter hath my nonappearance been/From thee, the delight of the short lived year! /What freezings have I felt, what dull days seen!†. Despite the fact that it is by and by harvest time, and pre-winter is viewed as the most beaut... Free Essays on Sonnets Free Essays on Sonnets Most of the 152 Sonnets Shakespeare composed spotlight on adoration. Shakespeare composed sonnets of profound respect just as sonnets of enduring in view of adoration and partition. Shakespeare frequently utilized allegories in his portrayals. Work 18 is a sonnet of esteem and glorification of Shakespeare’s sweetheart. Work 97 is a sonnet about being isolated from his sweetheart and Sonnet 130 is a sonnet for the â€Å"Dark Lady† which is unmistakable yet isn't close to as complimenting or concentrated on external magnificence as Sonnet 18. Piece 18 is a sonnet that praises the subject and their magnificence. Shakespeare utilizes illustrations to portray his sweetheart. He utilizes the period of summer as a premise of correlation with the individual he is expounding on. â€Å"Shall I contrast thee with a summer’s day? /Thou craftsmanship all the more dazzling and more temperate†. Shakespeare expresses that this individual is considerably more lovely than a mid year day. They are additionally gentler than an unforgiving sun, which sparkles brilliantly and makes the sun beat too fervently and raise the temperature excessively high. He alludes to the sun with another similitude, â€Å"the eye of heaven†. Shakespeare likewise says that late spring passes by too rapidly. He is figuratively saying that the nearness of this individual will end in the blink of an eye since they will bite the dust too early and â€Å"autumn† will start. Despite the fact that they will be gone, their excellence will live on through the words he has expounded on them. â€Å"So long as men can inhale or eyes can see,/So long carries on with this, and offers life to thee.† In Sonnet 97, Shakespeare additionally utilizes one of the four seasons as an analogy. Rather than being a sonnet of reverence, Sonnet 97 is a sonnet about the partition from this individual he adores. In this sonnet, Shakespeare utilizes winter to portray the agony of being ceaselessly from his sweetheart. â€Å"How like a winter hath my nonattendance been/From thee, the joy of the transient year! /What freezings have I felt, what dim days seen!†. Despite the fact that it is by and by harvest time, and pre-winter is viewed as the most beaut...

Artificial Restraints In Lord Of The Flies Essay Example For Students

Fake Restraints In Lord Of The Flies Essay GOLDING PUTS SO MANY ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINTS ON HIS STORY IN ORDER TO Emphasize HIS POINT, THAT THE WHOLE THING COMES OUT TOO NEATLY AND, IN FACT, REDUCES THE POWER OF HIS MESSAGE. I believe that, while the young men experience colossal misfortune because of the creator, the story despite everything demonstrates its point. It is as yet conceivable however, that the misfortune of the young men could have been knowledgeable about reality. I imagine that without this misfortune, the purpose of the story wouldnt be as extraordinary, in light of the fact that without the restrictions Golding set on the young men, life on the island would have been unreasonably simple for the boys.The significant imperative that Golding puts on the young men is the character conflict among Jack and Ralph. From the earliest starting point, when Ralph is chosen pioneer, Jack abhors Ralph, and towards the finish of the book, the inclination gets common. Without Jack and Ralphs issues, life would have been simple, and the haziness of keeps an eye on heart would not have been passed on to the peruser. Jack shows the obscurity and on the off chance that he and Ralph had recently been companions, there could never have been an open door for Jack to show this haziness which hid underneath the surface. Golding likewise utilizes the dead pilot advantageously against the young men the manner by which he is trapped in the trees just in the correct situation to be gotten by the breeze and resemble the brute and the manner in which the breeze gets after Simon has let him down from the trees and does him to the ocean, with the goal that different young men can't see that it wasnt a mammoth. The creator utilizes the young men dread against them, and despite the fact that this might occur in the circumstance, Golding utilizes it as a weapon against them, their resolve and their friendship. I believe that the young men split up and go to Jack in view of the dread he can execute the monster, he can get them meat, and on the off chance that they ever get furious, he can begin a move and all will be fine.The entire message of the story is about the murkiness of keeps an eye on heart, which exists in everybody. To stress this side of human instinct, the creator needed to make a circumstance where it was conceivable to show these attributes. It would have been outlandish for Golding to express what is on his mind without these requirements, and regardless of whether it is imagined that the story comes out too perfectly, I feel that the story was composed to come to a meaningful conclusion, and Golding has accomplished that.

Overjustification Effect and Motivation

Overjustification Effect and Motivation Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How the Overjustification Effect Reduces Motivation By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 28, 2020 Altrendo Images/Altrendo/Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The overjustification effect is a phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action. Think about a few of the things that you love to do. Is there a sport such as volleyball or basketball that you love to play? Are you passionate about knitting, reading, or collecting movie memorabilia? Normally, you engage in these activities simply for the sheer joy and pleasure of it, not for some type of outside reinforcement. The activity itself serves as its own reward. Would it surprise you to learn that when you are rewarded for things that you already enjoy doing, your desire to participate in those activities is sometimes lessened? In psychology, this is known as the overjustification effect and it can have a serious impact on your motivations and behaviors. Lets explore what this effect is and how it can influence behavior. A Closer Look at the Overjustification Effect The overjustification effect occurs when an external incentive decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior or participate in an activity. Researchers have found that when extrinsic rewards (such as money and prizes) are given for actions that people already find intrinsically rewarding, they will become less internally motivated to pursue those activities in the future. For example, imagine that children at a preschool are allowed to play with fun toys during their free time. If caregivers begin giving kids a reward for playing with these toys, the children may actually begin to feel less intrinsically motivated to play with those toys. Causes Why does the overjustification effect occur? According to one theory, people tend to pay more attention to these external rewards rather than their own enjoyment of the activity.?? As a result, people think that their participation in the activity is the result of the external rewards rather than their own internal appreciation of the behavior. Another possible explanation is that people sometimes view external reinforcement as a coercive force.?? Since people feel like they are being bribed into performing the behavior, they assume that they are doing it only for this external reinforcement. Observations Research has found that if extrinsic reinforcement is dependent upon doing something well, then the behavior is less influenced by the overjustification effect. ??Being rewarded for studying, for example, probably will not diminish any intrinsic motivation you may have to study. This is because your grade is a performance-contingent reinforcer. They reinforce your studying behavior, but they are dependent upon actually doing well rather than simply going through the motions. Research also suggests that using verbal praise as a reward also warrants some caution. Children who are praised for their effort (You worked really hard on that assignment!) rather than their abilities (You are so smart!) tend to believe that success hinges on effort rather than innate talent. Children who develop this type of mindset are also more likely to persist in the face of obstacles.??

Causes of the Cold War Essay - 857 Words

There are several who have a different approach of whether it’s the U.S or the Soviets’ fault for causing the Cold War. In reality, they have always had clashing ideologies and different structures of government that have played a major role in leading them to embark upon such a distrustful relationship. Furthermore, the Soviets distrusted the U.S way before WWII when they intervened in the Russian Civil War and didn’t recognize the Soviet Union until 1933. As a result, during and after WWII, the Soviets were determined to dominate European countries with their own political agenda to become the hegemonic power and believed the U.S. had the same motive. However, the U.S was more eager on protecting these Eastern countries from communist†¦show more content†¦And when the U.S dropped the nuclear bomb on Japan in 1945, the Soviets felt threatened and justified their own demise in the matter by reckoning that the U.S is trying set an example for others, indi rectly stating that they are vigorously in possession of such power, completely destructing cities . Consequently, this drove the Soviets to become even more active and to have a stronger stance in foreign policy (Doc B). In addition to, the Soviets also believe that the U.S was trying to spread capitalism across Europe by establishing the Marshall Plan in which the U.S financially helped European countries to boost their economy and social status. This program was also applied to the Soviet Union but they didn’t accept it because they believed that it was a direct attempt for the U.S to dominate European affairs (Doc E), since those that accepted this plan were to become its allies in return for the aid provided. The U.S did not want to engage in immediate war with the Soviets, and as a solution to set a blockade against Soviet ideologies, they adopted â€Å"containment†, which derived from the Long Telegram that George Kennan drafted (Doc D). This message to Washington D.C. explained that the Soviet Union will inevitably collapse if they contain them and their policies sinceShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Cold War1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a political, ideological and sometimes indirect military confrontation that took place after the Second World War between the two largest powers in the world: The United States and the Soviet Union. The conflict between these two great powers intensified without a real war on the ground. It was a silent war characterized by both powers in an arms race with the most lethal weapons without actually using these weapons. That is why that war was known as the Cold War. In this paper,Read MoreCauses Of The Cold War1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union spanned almost half of a century. It led to worldwide fears and anxiety over the possibility of nuclear war and the desolation of mankind. It led to various proxy wars, costing the lives of millions in foreign nations and t housands of American and Soviet soldiers. With so much fear, death, money, and willpower going into the conflict, there must be an easy answer as to what force caused and drove the conflict. However, this topic is notRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The Cold WarRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War984 Words   |  4 Pages The Cold War has lived in infamy in the minds of many people today. The influence of it can be regarded as one of the most terrifying events that coul d have transpired, and particularly terrifying to its citizens who lived in constant fear of complete annihilation. From the first events to the fall out of a nuclear war, almost all citizens would have no shelter from the devastation of an atomic war. The roots of the Cold War can be found in several main points starting from the Second World WarRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1388 Words   |  6 PagesLESSON 26 - The Cold War Objectives: Identify the causes for the start of the Cold War Identify key actions taken by the US and the Soviet Union to prepare for war Identify how the Cold War impacted American lifestyle Identify actions taken worldwide between the Cold War combatants The Cold War Begins The Cold War was the state of hostility, without direct military confrontation, between the United States and the Soviet Union. The formation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945Read MoreCauses And Effects Of The Cold War1370 Words   |  6 PagesAbi Amarnath Mrs. Saunders 12 November 2014 English II Causes and Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn t sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting.†(www.brainyquote.com). An analysis of the Cold War between 1947-1991 reveals that the Cold War was caused by a difference in political ideals between the USA and the Soviet Union, the aftermath of WWII, and the â€Å"IronRead More Causes Of The Cold War Essay608 Words   |  3 Pages Causes of the Cold War nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Cold War occurred during a time of rebuilding for Europe. It characterized international relations and dominated the foreign policies of Europe. It affected all of Europe and determined lasting alliances. The Cold War was caused by the social climate and tension in Europe at the end of World War II and by the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union. Economic separation between the Soviets and the west also heightened tensionsRead Morethe cause of the cold war Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagescausing the cold war .After the second world war , the ideological difference ,mutual distrust and the disappearance of the common enemy (germany ) , these all are the causes of the cold war .However ,these comflicts were all brought by the US . Many historians believe that the Cold War was inevitable once the common enemy, Germany, was defeated after the end of World War II. Other historians such as John Gaddis stress that neither superpower can be held solely responsible for the ideological war that lastedRead MoreCauses of the Cold War Essay15 70 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It is clear that fear, greed and revenge were the major factors that caused the Cold War† How far do you agree with this statement when analyzing the causes of the Cold War up to 1949? The responsibility of the origins of the Cold War often triggers questions among historians yet both powers should be blamed for taking part in it. The origins of the Cold War can often be associated with fear, greed and revenge. Through most analyses, the fault was often given to Stalin’s ambitions to expandRead More Causes of the Cold War Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of the Cold War In this paper I will discuss what actions and thoughts added up to cause the cold war. The cold war lasted from September 1, 1945 to about December 25, 1991. That is about forty-five years, which is an extremely long time. The cold war was a global competition basically between two sides, the Free World, which was led by the United States of America, and the Communist World led by the Soviet Union. The struggle took place through indirect military conflict, and direct

Essay on Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and...

Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Anne Bradstreets poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband, shows her profound love and undying affection for her husband. For a Puritan woman who is supposed to be reserved, Bradstreet makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. She conveys this message through her figurative language and declarative tone by using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes. Over and over again she expresses her adoration for him with imagery. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the riches that the east doth hold. My love is such that rivers can not quench,... (5-7). Bradstreet is declaring there is nothing as powerful as the love she shares with her husband†¦show more content†¦Thy love is such I can no way repay,... is another example of imagery (9). Symbolizing how great her love is for her husband, she is expresses there is no way to purchase or pay for true love. Repetition is another literary element that Bradstreet utilized in the first three lines of the poem. If ever two were one, then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee; If ever wife was happy in a man,... (1-3). Bradstreet gives their relationship as an example to others and tells the reader that if ever a couple was the most devoted to each other, it would be her and her husband. By using anaphora, she attempts to prove that the depths of her feelings are beyond compare to anyone elses. Spiritually, Bradstreet and her husband complete each others lives so that in marriage they are one. Physically, no two people can be united as one. We see the togetherness Anne and her husband share as she says, If ever two were one, then surely we, (1). This is an example of a paradox. That when we live no more, we may live ever. in my opinion, is the strongest statement in the poem. She insists through this paradox that their love is eternal and that after they die they shall continue loving one another. However, it is impossible to be dead yet still living. In conclusion, it is left to the opinion whether Anne Bradstreet reflects the Puritan lifestyle or not because this poem focuses on a longing for herShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Anne Bradstreets Poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband611 Words   |  3 PagesThe poem â€Å"To my Dear and Loving Husband† by Anne Bradstreet, is not just an exceedingly felt expression of a wife’s marital love and commitment to her husband, as it is about a puritan women who is supposed to be reserved but she makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. A thorough analysis of the poem’s paradox, hyperbole, imagery and repetition reveals how she conveys her message. The opening lines of the poem show how strong her feelings are for her husband. BradstreetRead More Analysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet752 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet, the author of â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† was a Puritan. This had great influence on the meaning and theme of her poem. This poem was actually not published until almost 40 years after she died. She lived in a harsh religious world where it was looked down upon for women to be courageous and smart. She lived a life that where she was unspoken and obedient to because of her religious belief. She had many concernsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Anne Bradstreet s The Prologue Essay2567 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"who says my hand a needle better fits†: A Literary Analysis Reading of Anne Bradstreet’s â€Å" The Prologue Does gender explain the importance of a poet? Gender is just the state of being male or female. When it comes to gender no gender is superior than the other. Some individuals would imagine a poet becoming important by them excelling intellectually, being able to write about the things one could relate to, and sometimes being that voice for those who cannot be heard. Anne Bradstreet, an earlyRead MoreIn Memory Of Anne Bradstreet Analysis1777 Words   |  8 Pages Bradstreet 1. The voice of Anne Bradstreet is likely to appear in those poems whose titles refer to her immediate family, â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband†, â€Å"In Reference to Her Children, 23 June 1659†, â€Å"In Memory of Mt Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August , 665, Being a Year and a Half Old†, and â€Å"To My Dear Children†. The other readings reflect the voice of the Mistress Bradstreet. In poems that reflect the voice of Anne, Bradstreet was full of emotion, and as a mother she

Business Ethics BA Credit Cards for Illegal Immigrants Free Essays

Is the grant of a loan as well as issuance of a credit card to illegal immigrants ethical, moral or legal? Is Bank of America justified in ignoring the ethical, moral and legal issues of granting loans and credit cards to illegal immigrants? What could have been the more superior reasons for granting loans and credit cards to individuals without Social Security cards and who are in fact illegal immigrants? The need for new markets for loans and credits Just like any banking institution, the mad scramble for means to increase revenues can take a number of means including unethical, illegal or immoral means. While the interest of bank management is primarily to generate revenues to meet their compensation package for the expertise provided; shareholder value is similarly a strong interest on the part of the corporate board to prioritize revenues. Even labor would seek new benefits and salary adjustments to meet the increasing cost of living. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: BA Credit Cards for Illegal Immigrants or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, the commonality of purpose in generating and increasing revenues is tempered by conflicting interests, resulting to further maximization efforts. This optimizing and maximizing strategies under a tightening competitive environment encourages corporate profit takers to identify new sources of revenues. Here, the groupthink syndrome starts to set aside ethical, moral and legal issues. (Jaksa Pritchard, 1994) Credit cards and loans provide the vast opportunities for revenues for banks in the form of membership fees, interests, penalties, service charges, legal fees and other finance terms that mean only one thing: revenues and more revenues for the credit card issuer. In some instances, the law even protects the issuing bank and condones its usurious practices through hidden charges that suddenly appear in the card billing. In some instances, states criminalize credit card defaults. Interests are often compounded monthly at a basic rate of 3 to 5 per cent per month which translates into 60 per cent annually without even considering any form of penalty, service charges and other fees. Many cards even automatically increase the credit limit to keep the credit card user paying merely the minimum interest and leaving the principal to accumulate as means of sustaining revenues on interests alone. The cash payback period for credit card issuer can average at less than two years with the credit card user almost permanently now tied to the principal that now hardly diminishes with the gamut of fees and charges coming. Even US President Barack Obama is concerned about this. (Feller Aversa, 2009) The consequences Thus, credit cards are often aggressively marketed both to prime and subprime clients with varying fees. With the hundreds of different cards vying for market share, card issuers will not stop at creating markets for new issuances; and consumers take pride in having more and more credit cards in their wallets. What then made the illegal immigrants or those without social security number a bright prospect for credit cards or loans? What opportunities and risks do credit card issuers face in this sector? Why are the requirements limited to the fact that only those with checking accounts during the last three months and without history of overdrafts are qualified? (Feller Aversa, 2009) Illegal immigrants need liquidity to live in the United States and credit cards provide the liquidity vehicle to cope with the American dream. A large number of illegal immigrants find jobs, even odd ones, to survive; hence their capability to earn the means to live is strong and that their struggle to temporarily live even as an undocumented alien is considered a transition to ultimately becoming a permanent resident, as an immigrant or even as a US citizen. The need hence, to establish a credible record is considered necessary to become an honorable citizen later. This sector is reasonably a good credit risk considering their need to stay safe from the clutches of the Immigration and Naturalization Service by keeping payments updated. In general, this form of self-regulated discipline enhances the credit worthiness of illegal immigrants. On the other hand, even if person ultimately defaults and get caught by the INS, illegal immigrants are often forced to stay in the United States while his credit card case is pending. Thus, the chance that he is able to extricate himself from credit card liability might provide him time to await any form of amnesty to regularize his status. Thus, it is probably based on these market characteristics that Bank of America took the risk of identifying this sector as a good credit risk. In fact, the Bank pilot-tested the credit card in selected areas and probably, the expansion binge to make it nationwide is a concrete indicator that it has become a reasonably good prospect for business. Business, especially banks has a way of getting in despite the ethical, moral or legal issues. In uncertain times, generating revenues more than the need for ethical, moral or legal constraints is a more primordial philosophy of management. Here again, groupthink in the organization attempts to rationalize such policy. The Bank can anyway afford to employ or hire topnotch lawyers to fight any form of charge of illegal transaction with illegal immigrants. But is it really illegal to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants? If it is not, isn’t it that what the law does not prohibit, it allows? Perhaps, the government will only be able to assert its role in the credit impasse if Bank of America seeks government intervention to collect from past due credit card users. Otherwise, credit card transactions are can be considered global instruments that know no political boundaries. Is it unethical to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants? Banks transact business on a global scale. If the illegal immigrant is issued a credit card in the United States, will it still be unethical or illegal or immoral in the event that if the person returns to his home country and uses his credit card therein? The global market has enabled banks and the credit card issuer to conduct businesses that transcends political boundaries. Thus, if Bank of America issues a credit card to a citizen of another country while he is in that country, then travels to the United States and overstays his visa, will it then be illegal, unethical or immoral to use the card? Is it not that the usurious and unfair practices of card issuer in charging usurious rates and the fine print trap, might be more of an unethical practice in the industry than issuing the credit card per se? Will not Bank of America in fact be helping the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) with issuing a credit card which effectively gets information from the illegal immigrant making the latter more vulnerable to apprehension by the INS? Conclusion The issue of credit cards being issued by Bank of America to illegal immigrants can be taken from the context of purely business purpose – to generate revenues. However, the ethical dimension that can be extracted from the case is the absence of ethical ascendancy on the part of Bank of America to contribute to the strengthening of the good governance, transparency practices and exemplary conduct of legitimate processes in the way revenues are generated. In the same way that employers of illegal immigrants are made to answer for the question of hiring these undocumented people in compliance with Immigration Laws. Thus, what right will Bank of America invoke to protect itself in the event of payment default by the illegal immigrant if it seeks protection from the law which discourages such transactions in the first place? The Bank undeniably wants the best of both worlds in this case. In addition, the groupthink syndrome in Bank of America that led to the adoption of this marketing strategy is, as usual, laced with that groupthink rationality. This makes use of the â€Å"we feeling, the illusion of morality, invulnerability with the moral, ethical and legal tone of such group rationalization and consensus leads to the excessive taking of risks without individual ethical responsibility. Hence, anyway one looks at the marketing strategy, the issue of ethics, morals and legalities can never be ignored. Has the Bank ran out of meaningful philosophy? Reference list Feller, B. Aversa, J (2009), Obama pledges protections for credit-card users, the Associated Press; retrieved April 10, 2009;Website: http://news. yahoo. com/s/ap/us_obama_credit_cards Jaksa, J. Pritchard, M. (1994), Communication ethics: Methods of Analysis. Western Michigan University, Belmont, CA; Wadworth Publishing Company. Malkim , M. (2007) Bank of illegal aliens in America, retrieved April 19, 2009; website: http://michellemalkin. com/2007/02/13/bank-of-illegal-aliens-in-america/ How to cite Business Ethics: BA Credit Cards for Illegal Immigrants, Papers

Seven Plus Seven an Observation and Prediction of Tony Essays

Seven Up Series an Observation and Prediction of Tony?s Life Carlee A. Taylor New Mexico Highlands University Developmental Psychology Dr. Baldy December 3, 2012 Seven Up Series an Observation and Prediction of Tony?s Life Observing a person as they grow older watching their personality, way of thinking, beliefs, and views change is very interesting. The movie series, ?Seven Plus Seven?, is about various people that are interviewed and observed every seven years starting at age seven. Each person in the film is very unique, having their own personalities, beliefs, ideas, and cultures. In this movie I chose to observe a man named Tony. Tony went to a public school or otherwise known as a grammar school. Tony?s parents were a lower wealth class so Tony did not have the opportunities that the other children had in going to a prep school being in a middle/ upper class wealth. Having a creative mind thinking, Tony wanted to be a jockey and even quit school at fifteen to be an apprentice at a racing stable. At fifteen Tony stated that he would want to be a taxi driver if he did not succeed in becoming a jockey. At twenty one Tony became an ambitious taxi driver that was eager to explore the world. By the age of thirty-five Tony was married with three children, two girls and a boy. As Tony grew older he began to undergo cognitive, physical, social, and emotional changes throughout each interview. These changes throughout Tony?s development are depicted by various theories proposed by theorist Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bowlby. The theories of these four theorists will explain the changes that Tony illustrated and will also predict the outcome of Tony?s changes physically, socially, emotionally, and cognitively at the age of fifty-six. Observations of the Physical Changes Growing older and developing physical changes is one thing that everyone has in common. Each person faces the loss of strength in various parts of the body such as the respiratory system and the immune system. Exercising and staying active along with a healthy diet and healthy habits are important factors in staying physically healthy (Myers, L. 2008). Trying to become a Jockey as a child, Tony was very active. Children and adolescents go through many physical changes such as body growth and motor development that allow that person to perform different functions like running. At twenty-one Tony went to Knowledge school to become a taxi driver. Later he got married and had three children. Having children is a twenty four hour lifelong duty that a parent must fulfill for that child to grow and have a life of his/her own in the future. This task alone is a task that involves a parent to stay active. Throughout all the movie series Tony was never obese or had any health problems. Prediction of Tony?s Physical Functioning at age Fifty-six Staying active mentally and physically is important for a person to help maintain their physically capabilities. A general slowing of the body happens as people age causing the normal everyday functions to become harder to do due to the dendritic loss at the neuronal level (Bee, H. Boyd, D. 2006). Tony decided that driving a taxi was not all that he wanted to do in life. Filling extras in movies, and buying a house in Spain at forty-nine kept Tony active physically and mentally. Rather than retiring and staying at home, Tony kept his mind open to new changes and new perspectives. Pursing his goals in having a family, becoming a taxi driver, being extras in films, and getting a house in Spain to make his family?s life more enjoyable illustrates self-efficacy. As a sense of control, Tony set out to make sure his children had more opportunities financially and educationally than he had as a child growing up in a less wealthy societal class. Illustrating more openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness to different perspectives in life, by the age of fifty-six I predict that Tony will be physically a healthy middle aged man that stays physically active. The optimistic view Tony illustrates in the forty-nine series will help protect him from serious long term health issues such as heart threats and strokes (Bee, H. Boyd, D. 2006). Cognitive Development Observation The cognitive development of the

IT and Web Research Paper Great Recommendations to Get Started

IT and Web Research Paper Great Recommendations to Get Started In your academic journey, you will discover that a research paper is a popular academic assignment that enables you to explore different issues in your area of study. In information technology-related courses, it is likely that you will encounter numerous assignments that require you to research and compile a research paper, whether from a theoretical perspective or a technical point of view. Your tutor may assign you a research paper for different purposes, i.e., to equip you with necessary academic writing skills, to gauge your understanding of the taught concepts, to test your ability to transfer knowledge, to assess your ability to apply class concepts in practice, and test how you synthesize information technology topics. A research paper in IT may provide you with an opportunity to investigate research works of others. It may also be your opportunity to contribute your own research to a particular question of interest in the field. Writing your research paper will further help you practice important academic skills, such as formulating research questions, conducting research, managing time, organizing information into coherent ideas, and presenting insights about the research of the final copy. You need to ask yourself the following questions before you get your hands on the preparation phase of your writing process to understand the paper dynamics and aspects that it should cover. What topic have I chosen for my research and why? What do I know now about the topic? What do I want to find out? What are the controversies of the chosen topic? Did anything surprise me during my IT classes that I need to explore? What has been the most captivating aspect of the material I have encountered so far? Follow the recommendations below to craft an A-grade research paper in information technology. Pre-Writing Tips to Warm Up Before an Actual Writing Prewriting in research is a general term denoting a range of activities that help you begin the writing process. The approach will help you develop ideas for your research, and guide you in exploring and organizing your thoughts before drafting the paper. By engaging in the process, you can also determine your audience and purpose. Below is a list of important prewriting strategies. Selecting a topic. Topic selection is the first and most important element of the research paper writing process. The selected topic should fall within the IT field of study and be manageable and interesting. Ensure that the selected research topic has the potential to add value to the existing IT literature and persuade different stakeholders to adopt certain practices relevant to the field issues. Freewriting. Free writing is freedom as it. The technique involves writing down anything and everything that comes to your mind. You do not need to pay attention to spelling or grammar conventions. Note taking. While conducting your research, take note of the important arguments, themes, theories, statistics, and facts documented in your sources. The process ensures you never miss any major theories and issues that influence the research topic. Clustering. To cluster your ideas into meaningful information, write down major points on a piece of paper. Subsequently, use links to put together matching or related ideas. Clustering helps you to develop themes that create more focus. Once you are done with clustering, outline why the topic and research are significant, the relevant background material, the thesis, and purpose statements, and the organizational plan for major and supporting ideas. Selecting a Topic for Your Research Paper: A Few Ideas from Our Writers The most challenging aspect of writing your IT research paper is selecting an appropriate topic. Here are some tips to help you in choosing one: Select a topic you are interested in to ensure the research paper is informative and relevant; Narrow your ideas to generate a manageable topic. Manageability of a research topic is determined through the scope and information availability. Examples of an appropriate topic for an information technology research paper include: An Integrative Model of IT Business Value: Information Technology Organizational Performance; Management Strategies for Information Systems Management: A Case of Apple Inc.; IT Workplace Organization the Need for Skilled Employees at the Firm-Level; The Role of Technology Resources, Human Resources, and Business Resources in Creating a Competitive Advantage: IT Perspective; IT and Organizational Transformation as Promoters of Business Performance. Creating a Research Paper Title for Your IT Assignment Making up a title is a difficult task. Several ways can be used to develop a research paper title, and while some may appear better than the rest, it is impossible to point out only one as they are all useful in their capacity. Here are a few ideas that can help you develop a research paper title. Do not settle on one. Firstly, you need to do research and come up with probable issues you can explore and write about. You may craft a title once you have a vague idea of what you will discuss in the research paper. However, improve the title as you proceed with the writing and research process. In this case, you may go through several titles before you settle for one. Just do not be in a hurry. Establish the theme of your research paper. Think about the basic ideas you intend to convey in your research paper and avoid vague terms. If you have already come up with a thesis statement, you can use it to develop your title. Establish your research paper audience. If you’re writing an essay in information technology, you may try to hook the audience with something brief and catchy. However, you may want to provide broader ideas of issues and concepts in information technology. Thus, you should consider your audience and ensure you develop an appropriate title that will capture their interest. The research paper aims to capture your readers’ attention and draw them to the research issue you are exploring. Follow the steps below to formulate a suitable topic for your research paper and identify: The purpose of the research; The narrative tone of the paper as defined by the type of research; The methods used in the research; An effective title for your academic research paper should have several characteristics. The title should: Have no abbreviations; Accurately indicate the subject and scope of the study; Have words that create a positive impression and stimulate the reader’s interest; Use current nomenclature from the IT field of study; Identify key variables if the research paper is based on experimentation; Reveal what the paper will discuss and how it is organized; Be limited to 10-15 substantive words; Not have constructions such as â€Å"study of,† â€Å"analysis of† or anything similar; Be in the form of a phrase or question; Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of the title should be capitalized. Formulating a Thesis Statement for Your Research Paper The thesis statement is a sentence that summarizes your research paper content, provides your argument concerning the discussion topic and gives an idea of what to expect. In this case, you should formulate a thesis statement that informs your readers about the subject of your paper and the position you will take in the discussion. Remember that a strong thesis statement requires solid proof. Thus, it should not be merely a statement of fact. Ensure you back it up with detailed supporting evidence that will interest the readers. The following tips are effective for drafting your thesis statement. Know the topic. It is easier to write a thesis statement if you know the topic and are familiar with its content and concepts. Reflecting on the lecture notes and researching will help you know more about your topic. Limit your topic. Based on information gathered and the required length of your research paper, limit your topic to a specific area. A narrow scope of the topic will require a shorter paper while a broad scope will require a wordy and complex paper. Brainstorm. Try to discover new ideas and note them down. Try to come up with common themes based on the generated ideas. In addition to the themes, the chosen topic, and the researched information, you can come up with an appropriate thesis statement. A good thesis statement must: Make a clear, limited, and definite assertion that can be explored and justified using scholarly evidence; Have specific arguments that provide the direction of your paper; Not be too broad for your paper. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explore every aspect of your claim. Ensure the scope projected in the thesis statement is manageable; Present an argument that can be proven or argued against; Show your position on the topic and direction of your argument. Structure of Your IT Research Paper The structure is one of the things you should pay attention to when writing your research. The structure of a research paper is basic, and you can use this layout for any type of it. All papers should have three parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Unlike an essay or a term paper, an IT research paper has almost six parts that form a formal structure of the paper. You should ensure your research paper has the title page, the abstract, the introduction, the body, the conclusion, and the reference section. Each of the sections contains different information and is equally significant. Check the most common way that students can structure their research papers: Title page. The title page contains the title of the paper and is the first element the reader encounters in your paper. Often, it is written on a separate page but can be presented as a stand-alone text as well. However, the title can appear just above the paper’s abstract. Abstract. The abstract summarizes the paper content and includes the research issue and significance of the study, the methods used to conduct research, findings, and their implications. Introduction. This offers a general statement about the research topic and is used to draw people into your writing. It presents the main arguments that the research paper is exploring, namely the thesis statement. The thesis statement, which indicates the information that you’re trying to prove through your paper, should be the idea that controls the entire project. Body. Notably, the body of a research paper presents a literature review. Here, you explore the research that has already been done on the chosen IT concept. The second important element of the body is the methodology section that allows to input information concerning how the research was conducted and what instruments were used in the process. In this case, it shows the way you are going to explore the thesis statement highlighted in the introduction. Thirdly, your research paper must have the results segment, which highlights findings from the conducted study. The last paragraphs should highlight a discussion of the study results, their implications, and relevance to the IT field of study. Conclusion. In this section, provide the general statement about the topic and some final thoughts about the issue at hand. Restate the thesis statement and sum up the major points that were used in the paper to prove the thesis statement. Post Writing Tips: The End Is Near! During the IT research paper writing process, you may err at any point in any of the grammar, sentences, tense, or paragraph mechanics aspects. These errors affect your overall grade. Engage in a review of your research paper to ensure it is free from paragraph, sentence, and word errors. Ensure to reference all the cited sources using appropriate referencing styles.

Majoring in General Management in Business School

Majoring in General Management in Business School What Is a General Manager? General managers organize workers, other managers, projects, customers, and the direction of an organization. Every type of business needs managers. Without a manager, there wouldnt be anyone to oversee operations, supervise employees, or perform the essential tasks that managers take care of on a daily bases.   Why Major in  General Management? There are plenty of good reasons to major in general management. It is an old field, which means that curriculum has had an opportunity to evolve over the years. There are now lots of good schools that offer excellent preparation in the management field - so it shouldnt be a struggle to find a respected program that can give you the  kind of education you need to pursue a career and secure a position in your field after graduation.   Business majors who want to have a variety of career opportunities available to them upon graduation almost cant go wrong with a  specialization in general management.As stated earlier - nearly every business needs management personnel. A general degree in management may also be attractive to business majors who are unsure of what specialization they wish to pursue. Management is a broad discipline that can transfer to a lot of different types of careers and business areas, including accounting, finance, entrepreneurship, and more.   General Management Coursework Business majors who specialize in general management usually take courses that will help them develop a foundation of business skills that can be applied in almost any organization. Specific courses may cover topics like accounting, marketing, economics, business law, and personnel management. Educational Requirements Educational requirements for business majors who want to work as a general manager vary depending on the type of organization and industry the student is interested in working in upon graduation. To get an idea of what may be expected from you in different degree programs, and what kind of job and salary you are likely to obtain after earning a degree, follow these links: Associate ProgramsBachelor ProgramsMBA Programs General Management Programs for Business Majors There are literally thousands of colleges, universities, and vocational schools offering programs in general management. Finding a program should be very easy. Finding a good program, however, can be difficult. Before choosing to enroll in any general management program, it pays for business majors to do as much research as possible. Working in General Management After graduating from a general management program, business majors should have no problems securing employment in a private or public organization. Positions are available in a variety of industries. Potential for career and salary advancement is also prevalent in this occupation. Additional Career Information To learn more about working as a general manager, see the job profile for General Business Managers​jnY ¿

Going to Extremes Case Application Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Going to Extremes Application - Case Study Example He illustrates the core values that define the culture of the employees in an organization. In Zappos, the organizational culture tends to be more than the written values. This is evident in the complex web of human interactions created by the company. The company employs the use of a social web, to link the employees with one another and to enhance the interaction of employees with the customers. The company also evaluates its health, by questioning the employees as to whether the company has a higher purpose than the profits. The employees are also questioned if their role has meaning to the company, and if they enjoy working in that environment. The company believes that, with the right culture and the right values, a company is likely to obtain the best performance from the employees. The corporate values possessed by this organization include; commitment to excellence, commitment to innovation, promoting the organization’s culture, proper training of the employees, increased profits, enhanced human interactions, defining the purpose of the company other than the profits, enhanced cooperation among the workers, increased efficiency and quality. Commitment to excellence as a corporate value ensures the employees understand their role in the organization to enhance the success of the organization. This ensures the employees are not only trained on technical skills, but also other skills necessary for a company to succeed in business. Commitment to innovation ensures the employees always know what is required of them in terms of any new technology that is to be employed in the organization. The organizational culture in Zappos is more than the written values. The culture tends to be extremely high through the complex web of human interactions created by the company. The use of a social web, to link the employees with one another and to enhance the interaction of employees with customers is also a culture that

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit Essay

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit - Essay Example Courts play a vital role in ensuring that justice prevails at all levels of the nation. There are various types of courts that a state installs, each of which is charged with specific duties and responsibilities in line with its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Justice in England is a specific law enforcing unit in the country. Dispute resolution in relation to high end cases is the sole role of the court. Cases dealt with by the court are referred to it as the court of last resort. Among all appeal courts in the United Kingdom, the Supreme Court of Justice is the highest. Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster is the location where the Supreme Court in England is situated. The building that houses the court is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament. The location was agreed upon after intensive deliberations that finally concluded that the court’s current location was informed by United Kingdom’s constitutional change. Court Visited and Observed The court observat ion visit took place in England, with the court visited being the Supreme Court of Justice in England. The visit took place on the 18th of June, 2012. Specifically the observation took place in court 1, from 10:30 am. Proceedings in the Court At the time of the visit, the case that was being handled was KM (Zimbabwe) (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (Elliot, 2009, p.36). The case had been previously determined but KM went ahead to appeal following his dissatisfaction with the previously passed judgement. KM was seeking asylum in the United Kingdom1. He is a Zimbabwean citizen, aged 54 years. His primary reason to seek for asylum followed the belief that he would be persecuted upon going back to his home country since he had failed to be loyal to Mugabe’s regime. His claim had been previously refused, thereby being required to return to his country. Although he appealed to the decision that required him to leave the United Kingdom, the tribunal that was hearing the case dismissed the appeal. This was in the year 2009; six years after KM entered the United Kingdom. The court proceedings on the 18th of June, 2012 accounted for the above, with the Supreme Court of Justice hearing KM’s appeal following the asylum denial. The Secretary of State representing the United Kingdom’s Home Department was accounting for KM’s stay in the United Kingdom. He had been previously required to leave the United Kingdom for up to six months, with an allowance to re-enter as a visitor (Zander, 2007, p.89). KM’s claims were regarded vague and without critical evidence. The appellate court, however, did not rule out the possibility of underlying risks to KM given the fact that his son had successfully been granted asylum in the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court made considerations to have the case remitted to the tribunal for critical evaluation and assessment of KM’s case with regard how credible his a rgument was in the filed appeal. Parties Involved A number of parties were involved in the case. The first party was the appellant. The appellant in this case is KM. On the other hand there is the respondent. The Secretary of State for the Home Department of the United Kingdom (Bailey, Ching and Taylor, 2007, p.47) was the respondent, and the second party. The third party was the jury and the legal system in the United Kingdom. The case was based on some operational immigration laws that are enforced by the United

Diversity in Gender and Governance

Diversity in Gender and Governance Tuan Pham   Anh Quynh Nguyen INTRODUCTION In the past, women could only be at home and do the household chores while the majority of men went to work. They did not have the rights to work. However, this orthodox view has been changed. In todays society, more and more women are going to work than ever before. The figures from Statistics Canada (2017) show that more than 9 million women in Canada have jobs at the end of 2016. As it can be seen, the number of females in the labor force increased substantially. Not only do women work as employees but they are also employers as well. They hold many important positions in companies such as chiefs, managers, members or the chairman of boards. In Canada, women hold 21.6% of board seats in the Financial Post 500 in 2016 (Catalyst, 2017). According to Catalysts research, it shows that the percentage of women directors in many developed countries has been increasing significantly. For example, in Australia, it represents 23.4% of women on boards in June 2016, which almost tripled than that of 2009. Growth in the number of women allows companies to grow faster and become more successful. As a business student, we are interested in the contributions of women to the economy. They play an important role in developing the firm values. Dr. Mijntje Lu ¨ckerath-Rovers (2011) has investigated that enterprises with female managers run better than those with men only. Moreover, women can bring their unique skills, which male counterparts cannot, to diversify a wide range of the boards expertise (Kim and Starks, 2016, p. 270). They suggest that diversity in gender enhance higher firm values. Even though society makes an endeavor to fight for gender equality, there is no sign that this controversial issue will disappear. In this paper, we provide more in-depth evidence that the presence of women on boards develops companies performance actively and effectively based on personal research and surveys. We will also answer one of the fundamental questions: Will gender dive rsity be encouraged in the future? How would it change: in a good way or bad way? DEFINITION The Dictionary of Business in 1996 (as cited in Walt and Ingley, 2003, p. 219) indicates that diversity in boards is a mix of human capital, where human capital is represented as the skills and knowledge absorbed by a person through the process of learning and experience. In the context of governance, diversity is described as the composition of the board and the combination of the different qualities, characteristics and expertise of the individual members in relation to decision-making and other processes within the board (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 493). Therefore, one of the aspects of diversity is gender on boards. This paper only focuses on gender diversity for several factors. First, gender diversity is one of the major topics which has been fiercely debated for a long time. Secondly, gender is the most easy distinguished demographic characteristic compared with age, nationality, education or cultural background (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 493). Eventually, our research aims to show that diversity in gender makes all the difference in firm performance. BACKGROUND According to a 2017 statistical analysis conducted by Statistics Canada, among women in the labour force, approximately 94% of them are employed (full-time and part-time). This proves that the labour force changed rapidly and there are more rights for women than ever before. European countries now appear to take the lead in the number of women directors (Catalyst, 2017). This survey also shows that many countries, such as Norway, Iceland, Finland and Sweden, are using quotas and setting targets to expanding the number of women on boards. However, in some Asian countries, there are only a tiny number of female directors. Catalysts research series, The Bottom Line, indicates that the more women on boards a company has, the better financial results they receive.   For example, Companies with the most women board directors had 16% higher Return on Sales (ROS) than those with the least, and 26% higher Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) (Catalyst, 2017). WOMENS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CORPORATE BOARDS According to the research in 2013 on gender diversity in SP 1500, which is a stock market index of US stocks made by Standard Poors, about a quarter of its firms still have no female directors. With data from the ISS RiskMetrics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, other smaller firms include SP 600 SmallCap, SP 400 MidCap, and SP 500 indices, the proportion of women on their boards just makes up by a small percentage (only 37%, 21% and 7% respectively have no women on their boards). However, surveys report that women are rated higher than men on the emerging leadership qualities of many aspects. As reported by the 2009 SEC Final Rule No. 33-9089 Proxy Disclosure Enhancements, there are in total 16 functional types recommended as critical skills: Financial, Mergers and Acquisitions, Accounting, International, Operations Technology, Marketing, Risk Management, Human Resources, Research and Development, Sustainability, Corporate Governance, Regulatory/Legal/Compliance, Political/Govern ment, Strategy and Leadership. Results show that adding women directors can enlarge diversity in corporate boards. Women are found to possess more uncommon expertise than men, which are four out of five least reported board skills (Research and Development, Human Resources, Risk Management, Sustainability, and Political Government). This shows that female directors can contribute both unique skills and expertise that are currently in distinction in the corporate boards, which can develop the heterogeneity of board skills. As a result, women directors can increase the value in corporate boards and enhance boards advisory effectiveness by adding these skills. Gender diversity is therefore related to higher firm value, and better director heterogeneity of expertise can increase the development in corporate boards.    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AS DIRECTORS Although some studies have found that men and women as directors and leaders do not differ in the way of thinking, orienting tasks and other people, women actually learn how to be a leader more easily than men. The reason for which is that girls are likely to be raised with a more egalitarian way than boys, this could affect the way they participate in their life. Also, as stated above, women have more unique skills than men, which translates into their relatively greater use of participative leader style. Another reason could be that gender stereotypes have somewhat affect female leaders to be more competitive in firms. They would care more about follower expectations and be more interested in complying with it. There are differences between men and women as both board directors and top leaders. As top leaders, men and women tend to have no difference in ages and qualifications. Nevertheless, female directors are more independent due to their better multi-directorships. According to research in Norway, 45% of female directors and 37% of male directors are outsiders. While female directors with an average age of 47.16 years and an average of 1.63 qualifications, male directors hold only average 52.7 years have 1.18 qualifications (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 456). The result shows that women are not only younger but also more educated than their male colleagues. It also reports that one female director in firm has 10 qualifications in average, while that number of other directors is just 3. Men as directors do not have as many resources through serving multiple boards as women, and are less likely to be outsiders than women. Female directors are reported to be younger and have more qualification s than male directors, while there is no significant difference between male and female as CEOs in some specific aspects such as age, qualifications and experience within the boardrooms and the corporations. The gender gaps and the differences between female and male leaders and directors are also affected by gender quota. As stated in www.wikigender.org, gender quotas are used to create equal representation among gender within legislation contribute to the promotion of gender equality, and ease the access of women into positions of government. Gender quotas were first introduced in some public sector entities in the 1980s and were extended in 2003 under legislation requiring at least 40% of women on boards of public limited companies (known as ASA), inter-municipal and state-owned enterprises (Sorsa, 2016). The enactment of the mandatory gender quota became one of the researchers studies since its introduction in Norway in 2005 (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). According to Ahern and Dittmars report in 2011, even though the increasing number of women was found to boost the boards strategy and effectiveness, this has led to the surge in the number of inexperienced women in corporate boards , which could damage the firms performance. However, Matsa and Miller (2011) found that there are positive effects of gender quota on firms, especially on the reductions of workforce and the rise in relative labor costs, compared with a matched sample in Scandinavia countries without gender quotas. The outcome shows that the gender quota in Norway created only a few experienced women as top leaders on their boards based on a number of proxies for influence, such as leadership and multi directorships, though this country has been increasing a large number of women in their firms (Seierstad and Opsahl, 2011). Despite the fact that there are no specific differences between the way women and men lead, gender diversity is still an important factor on boards and it may influence female directors contributions to board decision-making processes (Nielsenand and Huse, 2010). At the same time while having a female leader in the boardroom can make female directors easier to feel comfortable about expressing their opinions, male leaders show respect and openness towards views raised by women (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). They also report that female leaders not only enhance the effectiveness of board decision making but also benefit the operation of the organization. Female board chairs had more qualifications than their male counterparts during the pre-quota period, but this difference vanished after the gender quota had been enacted. This shows that female and male board chairs have similar levels of interlocks and are equally like to be foreigners (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451) during the post -quota period. However, compared the pre- with the post-quota period, female board chairs seem to be more likely to have independent qualifications, more experience and less board interlocks, while male board chairs are older and more experienced after the full compliance of the gender quota in 2008. The average tenure of female board chairs in the pre-quota period, which is 2.04, is significantly lower than the one in the post-quota period (2.98), and female board chairs are more likely to be foreigners in both periods (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). This shows that Norwegian firms have talented female top leaders locally, not importing them from other countries. Results shown in these tables indicate that female directors are likely to be more independent and younger and have more qualifications than their male counterparts. Differences in independence status, age and qualifications between men and women as directors did not change after the full compliance in Norway in 2008. Women in the post-quota period are more experienced, have more board interlocks and are more likely to be foreigners than those in the pre-quota period, while male directors seem to be more independent in the pre-quota period than in the post-quota period. The differences between male and female directors also result from gender quota. After the legislation for gender quota in Norway was enacted in December 2005, the Norwegian seemed to be under the pressure of hiring more female directors and therefore it resulted in the large number of inexperienced and low-educated female directors in corporate boards. Figures in Table 2 indicate that the average number of females qualifications decreased than that of male directors. This means that the female directors in sample firms need to have a wider range of qualifications to achieve the fixed gender quota. The effects of gender quota on characteristics of directors in Norwegian firms have reflected that there was no difference between male and female directors, with respect to independence, age and qualification in 2001 and in 2010 (which was 5 years before and after the enforcement of gender quota). However, the differences in age and qualifications seemed to have widened over the period fr om 2003 to 2005, while that in independence seemed to be narrowed over the same period. Firms may have recruited younger but less independent female directors with more qualifications when they had the choice of voluntarily increasing the number of female directors on their boards. Therefore, age and qualifications somewhat have contributed to help corporate governance because the newly nominated female directors would have lacked the experience and independence to monitor firm management well (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 460). CONCLUSION With gender equality, having females on boards is an indisputable fact. The heterogeneity among companies is related to higher firm value. The profits women can make for companies are much higher than those without women on boards. We can see that the relationship between gender diversity and governance are likely to be positive. There are several journals, articles and research that show the contributions of women to developing firm value. However, diversity in gender on boards has both positive and negative effects on governance. The question of the relationship between gender diverse boards and firm value has generated considerable debate as well as analyses with conflicting findings and conclusions (Kim and Starks, 2016, p. 270). For example, the impact on decision-making and financial performance related to gender diversity is complex because there are other factors that affect the firms conduct. Moreover, getting companies to commit and change their perceptions would be no easy task. In many countries, their thoughts have not changed since feudalism. For instance, it is difficult to put up with the presence of female directors in Asian companies. They think that having women on boards can waste their money, which leads to a reduction of their productivity because of several reasons: maternity leave, lower retirement age, etc. From our study, we emphasize the mechanism through which director heterogeneity improves firm performance. More female directors on boards can make female employees dedicate themselves to work and improve the performance of the firms (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 507). She also proves that companies are more successful in making use of the whole talent pool for competent directors instead of only half of the talent pool. As a consequence, the increase or decrease in the firm value depends on companies choices. REFERENCES Adams, R. B., Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Governance and Performance. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1107721 Ahern, K. R., Dittmar, A. K. (2011). The Changing of the Boards: The Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1364470 Catalyst (2017). Quick Take: Women on Corporate Boards Globally. Retrieved from http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-corporate-boards-globally Kim, D., Starks, L. T. (2016). Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards: Do Women Contribute Unique Skills? American Economic Review, 106(5), 267-271. doi:10.1257/aer.p20161032 Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, M. (2011). Women on boards and firm performance. Journal of Management Governance, 17(2), 491-509. doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9186-1 Matsa, D. A., Miller, A. R. (2011). A Female Style in Corporate Leadership? Evidence from Quotas. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1636047 Sorsa, P. (2016). Gender quotas for corporate boards do they work? Lessons from Norway. Retrieved from https://oecdecoscope.wordpress.com/2016/03/08/gender-quotas-for-corporate-boards-do-they-work-lessons-from-norway/ Statistics Canada (2017). Full-time and part-time employment by sex and age group. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labor05-eng.htm Statistics Canada (2017). Labour force characteristics by sex and age group. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labor05-eng.htm Walt, N., Ingley, C. (2003). Board Dynamics and the Influence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors. Corporate Governance, 11(3), 218-234. doi:10.1111/1467-8683.00320 Wang, M., Kelan, E. (2012). The Gender Quota and Female Leadership: Effects of the Norwegian Gender Quota on Board Chairs and CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), 449-466. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1546-5 Wikigender. (n.d.). Debate on Gender Quotas. Retrieved from http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/debate-on-gender-quotas/

Learning Activity Essay

Today by contemplating the corporate world we can realize that change is so very necessary for firms if they want to prosper. The market is changing so rapidly and technological advancement has created such hype that firms need to evolve from time to time. Researchers say that nowadays firms do not need to bring changes to get an edge over rival firms, but to survive. This itself defines the importance of change. However, just planning change is not important; smart execution is even more important. It includes the way management communicates the change, the way it handles employees’ reaction, the way it manages resistance to change, the way it deals with the after effects of it, and etcetera. These are very important issues that senior management focuses on. The following paragraphs will deal with two of these core issues, namely communicating change and managing change (Ian, Richard and Gib, 2009). Being the resort manager of Baderman Island, I will be very careful in rolling out this information to my employees as communicating the fact that they will be fired if customers continuously complain is a very sensitive issue. Firstly, I will try to explain them the problem, i.e., dissatisfaction of customers and then will discuss the reasons associated with it as put forward by customers. After this will ask for suggestions from them as I want them to feel that they are valued, which is sometimes known as underscore and explore strategy. Then company’s new policy will be disclosed smartly and the desired outcomes will also be floored. When communicating sensitive information like this, firms should give reasons behind the changes made and policies designed as employees have a right to know all about it. It should also be explained that how it will affect the organization and how important it is. If these things are taken care of then there is very less chance of resistance and negative reaction. Moreover, managing resistance to change is again a very important issue. If any resistance occurs concerning the changes in policies brought by Baderman Island’s management I will take care of it very carefully. Again I will use a democratic approach by getting involved in a dialogue with employees who resist. I will try to explain them what they mean to the firm and why has the firm decided to introduce this policy of firing employees due to bad performance. In addition to this, I will also explain the outcome of this policy and the positive effects it will have on the reputation of this firm. Sensible and potential employees will understand and for those who do not, I will use my authority to deal with them the harsh way. Furthermore, I will also help and facilitate employees who are worried about their job security by explaining them ways to satisfy customers and to improve their over all performance. In this way I will manage any resistance to the change. Reference: Palmer, Dunford and Akin (2009). Managing Organizational Change, McGraw Hill Publishers.

Analysis Of Presidential Leadership During Times Of Crisis...

An analysis of presidential leadership during times of crisis and disaster reveals that the presidential role of leadership is tested in different aspects. These aspects range from natural disasters to other federal funded emergencies. The outcome of that disaster is depended on the president’s leadership capabilities. 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina were catalysts for the analysis of presidential leadership and management within the Bush Administration. This analysis brought about great criticism and failures of the United States governments sluggish response to act during a time of crisis. There are federal government policies in places for events like 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. To gain a clear understanding of presidential leadership, one must analyze how a president should lead, govern federal administrators, manage the media, address federal-state affairs, set the limitations of military-civil affairs, and outline their policy plans (Sylves 2006). Disasters are not exempt fro m political attributes (Cohen Werker 2008). Political factors may clarify much of federal disaster assistance (Garrett Sobel 2003). A federal disaster declaration approval allows a president the chance to influence and form public policy (Sylves 2006). Election aspects impact whether a president declares an area is approved for a disaster declaration (Cohen Werker 2008). Public policy must be analyzed in order to gain a clearer understanding of presidential leadership during Hurricane KatrinaShow MoreRelatedFour Phases of Emergency Management1976 Words   |  8 PagesMitigation Over the last decade the social and economic costs of disasters to the United States, and throughout the World have grown significantly. During the 1990’s, FEMA spent over $25.4 billion to provide disaster assistance in the United States. During that decade, the economic toll of natural disasters, world wide, topped $608 billion. 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Billy Spitzley Mrs. Armstrong English 101-10 8 December 2015 Hurricanes Manifestations of Disaster Winds of disaster, waves of multitude, preparations galore, the wait is on to determine the outcome of a hurricane. Being one of the most devastating and feared natural disasters, hurricanes are a brutal and unpredictable force. Never knowing what could happen or what they will do, forewarning and preparation for hurricanes are highly recommended. A hurricane is a form of a tropical cyclone or severe tropical storm that occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Southern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (conserve-energy-future.com). The cause of a hurricane is a force of nature, but the effects that follow are to land,†¦show more content†¦Scientists can study, form opinions, and send warnings, but the hurricane is a force that can turn on temperature, atmospheric pressure, and just general elements. As with the unpredictability of a hurricane, once Katrina made landfall it weakened to a category three still maintaining wi nds of 125 miles per hour. As it moved inland she weakened to a category one, yet the winds had already slammed the land it had reached. Resulting in storm surges and battering waves, collapsing barriers, and creating extensive flooding causing eighty percent of New Orleans’ enlarged portions of nearby areas to become flooded with the water which would not recede for weeks. This is the largest displacement of population since the Great Depression of over one million people (Zimmermann.) Scientific proof is that stronger hurricanes can reach up to forty to fifty feet high in the sky and can range in mph. The hurricane needs the Coriolis force to form. It is stronger in the Northern Hemisphere and weaker near the Equator. The Southern Hemisphere experiences half the hurricane activity that the Northern does. 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